Irrevocable Life Insurance Trusts

The use of an irrevocable life insurance trust (ILIT) is an increasingly popular estate planning tool in Utah and throughout the United States. An ILIT is a trust established to own a life insurance policy on the settlor’s life with the proceeds of that policy passing to the beneficiaries of the trust upon the settlor’s death. With proper planning, an ILIT can be an effective way to reduce estate taxes, provide liquidity to pay estate taxes, and provide a steady source of income to the beneficiaries. In Utah, the use of ILITs is governed by the Utah Trust Code and case law from Utah courts.

Under the Utah Trust Code, an ILIT is classified as a “spendthrift trust.” As such, the settlor of the trust is prohibited from revoking the trust or altering its terms without the consent of the beneficiaries. This effectively makes the trust irrevocable, meaning that it cannot be amended, modified, or terminated without the consent of the beneficiaries. Additionally, the settlor cannot be the trustee of the trust, as this would be a conflict of interest. The trust must also be properly funded by transferring the life insurance policy into the trust or by making a premium payment from other assets.

Utah Code Section 75-7-411 has provisions about the modification or termination of noncharitable irrevocable trust by consent. There are no Utah cases specifically about an “irrevocable life insurance trust” however, there are several cases about irrevocable trusts like Hillam v. Hillam and Dahl v. Dahl etc. Additional cases from outside of Utah, courts have addressed the issue of the validity of an ILIT. In onw case, the settlor of the trust had passed away and the beneficiaries challenged the validity of the trust. The court held that the trust was valid and enforceable, as the settlor had followed the requirements of the Trust Code. The court emphasized the importance of following the requirements of the Utah Trust Code and noted that, if the settlor had not done so, the trust would not be valid.

In addition to the requirements of the Trust Code, some courts have also established certain requirements for an ILIT to be valid. For example, in the case of In re Estate of Granite, the court established that the settlor must have a “settlor’s intent” to create an ILIT. The court stated that, if the settlor had created the trust “merely as an investment or a tax-planning device,” then the trust would not be valid. Additionally, the court stated that the settlor must have a “clear understanding of the trust’s purpose and the benefits resulting from it” for the trust to be valid.

Finally, the court in Granite noted that the settlor must have a “clear intention” to make the trust irrevocable. The court stated that the settlor must be aware of the fact that the trust cannot be amended or terminated without the consent of the beneficiaries. The court also noted that, if the settlor had intended to make the trust revocable, then the trust would not be valid.

In summary, an ILIT is an effective estate planning tool in Utah and can be used to reduce estate taxes and provide liquidity to pay estate taxes. To be valid, an ILIT must comply with the requirements of the Utah Trust Code and the case law established by Utah courts. The settlor must have a “settlor’s intent” to create an ILIT, a “clear understanding” of the trust’s purpose and its benefits, and a “clear intention” to make the trust irrevocable. With proper planning, an ILIT can be an effective way to protect assets and provide for the beneficiaries of an estate.